Clause 20-9. Damage to the hull of vessels which are not built of steel/Ref. Clause 12-1
Sub-clause 1 (a) is first and foremost relevant to insurance of vessels deserving of preservation.
Sub-clause 1 (b) is not intended to cover more unforeseeable forms of striking against ice, e.g. where an ice floe has drifted out from a branch of a fjord to an open area of water where there is normally no ice.
Sub-clause 1 (c) excludes caulking of hull and deck. This is typical maintenance work, and it will not be easy to decide to what extent the caulking has been necessitated by the casualty. The exclusion does not cover expenses incurred in caulking those parts of hull and deck which must be replaced as a result of the casualty. Here the caulking represents a normal cost of renewal of a part of the vessel, and it must therefore be covered.